Sodium chloride

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Sodium chloride

Chloride of sodium or chloride sodium (NaCl) — sodium salt of hydrochloric acid. Known in home under the name of salt, the main component of which is. Chloride sodium is abundant in seawater, giving it a salty taste. Found in nature in the form of the mineral halite (rock salt). Pure sodium chloride is a colorless crystals with different impurities its color can make blue, purple, pink, yellow or gray.

In nature, the chloride sodium is found as the mineral halite which forms rock salt deposits among sedimentary rocks, strata and lenses on the shores of salty lakes and estuaries, the salt crusts in the salt flats and on the walls of craters volcanoes and solfataras. A huge amount of sodium chloride dissolved in sea water.

Temperature melting +800,8 °C boiling point +1465 °C.

Moderately soluble in water, solubility is only slightly dependent on temperature: the coefficient of solubility of NaCl (in grams per 100 g of water) is equal to of 35.9 +21 °C and 38.1 at +80 °C.

APPLICATION

In the food industry and cooking use chloride sodium, the purity of which must be at least 97 %. It is used as flavor and for preserving food. This sodium chloride has brand name cookbook salt, sometimes also used the name of the food, dining room and clarification of names depending on its origin — stone, sea, and composition of supplements — iodized, fluorinated, etc. Such salt is a crystalline free-flowing products with a salty taste, without taste, without odor (except iodized salt), in which outsiders are not allowed impurities that are not associated with the method of obtaining salt. In addition to sodium chloride, table salt contains small amounts of salts of calcium, magnesium, potassium, which contribute to its hygroscopicity and hardness. The less of these impurities in salt, the higher its quality.

Allocate classes: extra, highest, first and second. Mass fraction of sodium chloride in varieties, %:

· extra not less than 99.5;

· higher — 98,2;

· first 97,5;

· the second 97,0.

Mass fraction moisture evaporated salt varieties "extra" 0.1% in the highest grade — 0,7 %. Allow supplements of potassium iodide (potassium iodide), potassium Iodate, fluorides of potassium and sodium. Mass fraction of iodine should be (40,0 ± 15,0) × 10-4 %, fluorine (25,0 ± 5,0) × 10-3 %. Color extra and high grades — white, but for the first and second allowed gray, yellowish, pink and bluish shades depending on origin of salt. Food table salt to produce ground and seeded. At the size of the grains milled salt is divided into rooms: 0, 1, 2, 3. The more the number, the more grain of salt.

In cooking, chloride sodium consume as an essential seasoning. Salt has a distinctive taste, without which food is it seems to a person fresh. This feature of salt due to the human physiology. But often people consume more salt than necessary for physiological processes.

Sodium chloride has a mild antiseptic properties — 10-15%-ing contents salt prevents the reproduction of putrefactive bacteria. This fact makes its widely used as preservative.

In medicine

Isotonic solution of sodium chloride in water (0.9 percent) is applied as a means of detoxification, for correction of body systems in the event of dehydration, as a solvent for other drugs. Hypertonic solutions (10 % solution) used as auxiliary osmotic diuretic in the edema of the brain, to raise the pressure when bleeding in States, characterized by a deficiency of sodium ions and chlorine, in poisoning by silver nitrate, for treatment of purulent wounds (topically). In ophthalmology as a local tool in the solution of sodium chloride has a decongestant action.

In winter, sodium chloride, mixed with other salts, sand or clay — the so-called technical salt is used like antifreeze against the ice. It sprinkled on sidewalks, though it negative impact on leather footwear and technical condition of vehicles in mind corrosion processes.

PA-kationitov filters are widely used in installations of water softeners of all capacities with water treatment. Cationite material on modern water-treatment the plants are mostly glauconite, polymeric ion exchange resins, and sulfonated coals. The most common sulfocationite ion-exchange resin.

Regeneration PA-cationite filters is carried out 6-10% salt solution, the result translates cation exchange resin in Na-form, is regenerated.