Tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene)

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Perchlorethylene (tetrachloroethylene)

 

Himicheskaja formula: C2Cl4

Density: 1,6230 g/cm3

Reg. room CAS no.: 127-18-4

Tetrachloroethylene (PERC) — a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, organochlorine solvent. Widely used in dry cleaning and degreasing metals.

For the first time tetrachloroethylene was obtained by M. Faraday by thermal decomposition of hexachloroethane.

Tetrachloroethylene non-flammable, non-explosive not self-igniting. It mixes with most organic solvents. With some solvents tetrachloroethylene forms azeotropes.

Tetrachloroethylene is the most stable connection out of all the chlorinated compounds of ethane and ethylene. It is resistant to hydrolysis and contributes to less corrosion than the other chlorinated solvents.

About 60 % just consumed tetrachloroethylene is used as a solvent in the dry cleaners. Tetrachloroethylene has replaced all other solvents in this area because it is not flammable and can be safely used without special measures precaution. Because of its stability tetrachloroethylene contains low the percentage of stabilizers and for this reason is used along with the trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane for degreasing metals, especially aluminium. Smaller amounts of tetrachloroethylene used in the textile industry and the production of freon-113.

Cleaning the tetrachloroethylene in the washing machine degreasing chemical used in industry for precision cleaning of metal articles of complex shape, the number of corroded parts heavily polluted by oil and lubricants.

The role solvent in a multistage purification system (in addition to mechanical and thermal) - surface preparation for best adhesion paint materials to the surface of metals. It is difficult to overestimate the role since the quality and durability of future coatings depends on the quality of surface preparation.

Also PERC is used in industry as an extracting agent for various polymers: rubbers, plastics, etc.

Tetrachloroethylene dry

One of the the most popular uses of PERC is the dry cleaning. Not so a long time for chemical cleaning is widely used closest competitor PHAE - trichloroethylene, which is functionally anything he is not inferior to the PERC, but was cheaper. But, with the introduction in Europe of a new classification, which the trichloroethylene was assigned the second class of danger in its consumption and production dropped sharply. In the end, throughout Europe trichlorethylene today release only INEOS CHLOR (UK) and DOW Chemical (Germany) and at the dry cleaners the use of trichloroethylene is prohibited.

Especially note the use of PERC in machines for cleaning heavily contaminated things. Abundant grease and oil contamination, mixing with perchloroethylene prevent passing it through the filter and cleaning solvent. In such cases, justified the use of specialized washing machines without a filter, but with double distillation and samootvod. In such machines is carried out automatic control of saturation of the solvent with fats and oils, additional distillation in excess of this threshold and dual discharging the sludge in the process dry cleaning.

In comparison with other solvents, PERC has a number of advantages. For example, it is not so aggressive as methylene chloride, and has no destructive effect on the ozone layer, as 1.1.1-trichloroethane.

Perchlorethylene is a relatively stable compound, however, in the absence stabilizer 100% perchlorethylene in the interaction with some metals, as well as at high temperature and humidity decomposes, with formation of hydrochloric acid, which leads to corrosion of metals and damage tissue at the dry cleaners. Therefore, the quality perchloroethylene for dry cleaning is determined efficiency of stabilization. As a rule, the proportion of pure substance PERC is over 99.5%. Less than 0.5% stabilizer, plays a key role in the practical value of PERC.

For retailers are not permitted pouring of perchloroethylene in a glass bottle. The solvent is Packed in metal or plastic containers. Storage substances on an industrial scale are used trehsotmillionnogo barrels or cans.

Transportation perchloroethylene can be carried out by any mode of transport. The body, car, or any other kind of loading Bay must be closed. For storage must be provided in the areas of supply and exhaust ventilation. Storage conditions: in open areas under cover and in closed sites.

 

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